Ally Abel – Biological/Pre Medical Illustration
UHP Grant Recipient - Research funded in part by the Iowa State University Foundation
3D Models as a Tool for Learning Dogfish Shark Anatomy: An Analysis of Student Satisfaction
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Project Advisor(s): Roxanne Ziman | Advisor(s): Elizabeth Zimmerman
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Kiernan Adair – Genetics (LAS)
Role of Gap Junction Proteins on Left-Right Axis Development in Zebrafish
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Project Advisor(s): Jeffrey Essner | Advisor(s): Alison Esser
Abstract: In zebrafish, gap junction proteins are important for cell to cell communication. Previous research has revealed that knock downs of gap junction protein gamma 4b (gjc4b) result in disruption of the L-R organizer, Kupffer's Vesicle (KV), and correlated randomization of L-R symmetry (Hatler et al., 2009). Here, we have selected related gap junction proteins determined by phylogenetic analysis and targeted them using short homology directed knock ins or gene deletions.
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Mackenzee Ashcroft – Psychology
Social Media, Body Image, & the Big Five Personality Traits
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Project Advisor(s): Kevin Blankenship | Advisor(s): Zack Bonner
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify which of the Big Five personality traits are related to negative affect when individuals are shown a #fitspo image (#fitspo – “fitness inspiration”; photos of models). Previous research provides evidence that social media posts of fit persons have a negative effect on body satisfaction. However, relatively little research has examined the role personality variables play in these negative effects of #fitspo posts on body satisfaction. Through an online survey, participants (college-aged men/women) are asked their gender and are directed to a #fitspo image that corresponds to their gender. After viewing this image for 15 seconds, participants view themselves in a mirror for 15 seconds. Participants then fill out a questionnaire including measures: a general social media usage subscale and attitude scale, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Body Appreciation Scale 2, and Big 5 Inventory. A multiple linear regression will be conducted with scores from the Body Appreciation Scale as the dependent variable and the five personality subscales from the Big 5 Personality Inventory as the independent variables. Pearson correlations will be conducted to examine the relation between the amount of time participants spend on social media and their scores on the Body Appreciation Scales. I predict that those who score high in conscientiousness or neuroticism will be positively related to increased negative emotional reactions to #fitspo images. Further, I am predicting that those who score high in extraversion, openness, and agreeableness will not have as strong of a negative emotional reaction when shown #fitspo images. In other words, those scoring higher in those three traits will have a much weaker relation to negative emotional reactions. If the predictions show true, further research on coping techniques for patients that are triggered by social media posts could be explored that pertain specifically to personality traits.
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Brianna Baker – Psychology
Effects of Second Language Learning on Anxiety and Depression
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Project Advisor(s): John Grundy | Advisor(s): Whitney Baker
Abstract: Recent research has suggested a correlation between bilingualism and rearrangement of white matter within the brain, increasing white matter integrity and longevity. There have also been studies showing that mood disorders may correlate with abnormal white matter structure. This study explores if white matter changes due to bilingualism will have any effect on symptoms of mood disorders, specifically using anxiety and depression. We assess anxiety levels by using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and depression levels by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). After analyzing the data, we found little to no evidence of any difference in total STAI scores based on whether the participants were bilingual or monolingual. We also found little to no evidence of any difference in CES-D scores based on whether the participants were bilingual or monolingual. We conclude that while this study contains limitations, and more research should be done, there is no evidence in this study suggesting that bilingualism has any effects of symptoms of mood disorders.
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Jacob Beattie – Mathematics, Computer Science
Information, AI, and their Application to Card Games
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Project Advisor(s): Jack Lutz | Advisor(s): Emily Olson, Sita Molacek
Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a type of machine learning that enables an agent to learn through trial and error by giving the agent feedback on its actions, maximizing its expected reward. To test if the inclusion of entropy within a reinforcement learning architecture improves its performance, 3 reinforcement learning models were trained at playing Euchre using value approximation Q-learning. One model was given the expected win rate of each card in hand, one the entropy of each card in hand, and one was a control. The average win rates of each model after training were compared using two-sample t-tests. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the win rates of the models equipped with win rate or entropy and the standard model, with no significant difference between the entropy and win rate models. This suggests that entropy may be applied in reinforcement learning architectures, improving their performance and accuracy. Similar methods can be used for analyzing real world problems with similar uncertainty.
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Claire Beaudry – Philosophy
The Unpainted and Painted Sculptures of Antiquity
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Project Advisor(s): Rachel Meyers | Advisor(s): Alissa Whitmore
Abstract: Throughout history, Greek and Roman statues have been praised for their participation in the (Platonic) form of beauty. As 'beauty' changes, so too does the perceptual experience of the statues. Despite the drastic difference between visual impressions of the statues today compared to when they were created, they remain in what we consider beautiful. Ancient cities were significantly more colorful than remembered. Marble buildings and statues were painted with polychromatic techniques to enliven them; however, this has predominantly been left out of history. In the “rediscovery” of the Greek marbles, some archeologists scrubbed off impurities, which they did not realize were ancient pigments. Johann Joachim Winckelmann and other historians’ aesthetic preferential debates of form versus color altered the records of original polychromy. The conception of white statues has been manipulated to advance corrupt views- one of the most extreme being Hitler’s obsession with them. Fortunately, as technology advances, we become more aware of this error. The two most influential scientists, Vinzenz Brinkmann and Ulrike Koch-Brinkmann, have been creating awareness about the original vibrancy and acknowledging history’s mistakes. Despite the fluctuation of aesthetic appreciation, the beauty of ancient statues should be recognized alongside historically accurate information.
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Emma Brady – Geology
Science Hall I Display Case Redesign
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Project Advisor(s): Kristie Franz | Advisor(s): Em Kapler
Abstract: The previous Geology display cases in Science Hall I are dated, dusty, and unpleasing to the eye. Redesigning these displays will provide visitors, current students, and faculty with engaging media that showcases what Geology is and what our Geology program is about. This project will expand on technical communication skills, educational outreach abilities, and provide a creative outlet. The contents of these displays were contributed by faculty members and students on what they would be interested in seeing.
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Makenna Brunson – Psychology, Women's and Gender Studies
Reachable Minds
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Project Advisor(s): Rebecca Runyon | Advisor(s): Whitney Baker, Christiana Langenberg
Abstract: Reachable Minds is a website that aims to provide mental health education for women of color. By compiling information that utilizes research on and includes women of color, they can receive more accurate information on how various mental health-related topics impact them. The website will cover information on mental illnesses, racial battle fatigue, general mental wellness tips, and a list of providers who are specifically trained and equipped to work with women of color.
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Kathryn Burns – Political Science, World Languages & Cultures
Media and Political Party Polarization
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Project Advisor(s): Kelly Winfrey | Advisor(s): Jason Chrystal, Patrick Johnson
Abstract: This research examines changes in the polarization of United States’ electorate and media usage through an analysis of the comprehensive data file of the American National Election Study (ANES) and is aimed at answering if the United States has become more polarized and if shifts in affect polarization correspond with the use of different forms of media and the overall trust of media. Previous research indicates that there is still debate among researchers whether the general population of Americans have become more polarized. Additionally, research showed that polarization may be negatively related to the use of television and radio (Campante and Hojman 79-80). However, Dr. Benjamin Warner determined that the internet may have a different effect. This quantitative research study adds to previous research by providing thorough analysis of self-identified Democrats, Republicans, and independents attitudes towards the Democratic and Republican Party over an extended period, from 1980-2020. Furthermore, ANES data highlighted how television, radio, and magazine usage has shifted, in addition to how trust in media has changed. Overlapping these results presents the idea that while polarization has increased in recent years, along with decreasing trust in the media, it cannot be determined that there is a correlation between different media types and affect polarization.
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Sophie Byroade – English
Child Exploitation on Social Media
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Project Advisor(s): Alissa Stoehr | Advisor(s): C Langenberg
Abstract: As social media continues to change the ways we communicate, it also has made a new hunting ground for predators. We have seen a rise in child exploitation and grooming on social media platforms. In response, many organizations are finding new ways to keep our children safe in a world where anyone can contact them. For this project, I have done copious amount of research online, as well as talked to members of Internet Crimes Against Children task forces.With the information I have gathered while researching this topic, I have crafted a "Choose Your Own Adventure" story that highlights the ways predators may try and exploit children online. The main character has many choices she must make when messaged by someone she doesn't know online. I believe having scenarios where children can practice online safety can help them build confidence in their ability to say no and spot suspicious activity.
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Gabrielle Finberg – Biology (LAS)
Thermastop rt-PCR Analysis
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Project Advisor(s): Phillip Gauger | Advisor(s): Jennifer Owens
Abstract: Non-specific amplification may occur during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays when the DNA polymerase binds cDNA targets at temperatures below 50°C. The outcome includes potential false positive results or aberrant amplification curves that reduces the specificity of the assay. Non-specific amplification during PCR occurs more often at low starting temperatures when non-specific binding may occur. ThermaGenix thermastop is a proprietary additive for PCR reactions that functions to bind the DNA polymerase at temperatures below 50°C and prevent non-specific binding to reduce false positive results and improve the specificity of the assay. Another special property of thermastop is to continue functioning at low temperatures during subsequent cycles of the PCR reaction after being denatured to prevent non-specific amplification as the reaction continues. The application of the thermostop product was evaluated at the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) to improve the results of assays with low specificity or issues with aberrant amplification. This included the following RT-rtPCR or rtPCR assays: Bovine respiratory multiplexed PCR panel (BCoV, BoHV-1, BRSV, BVDV), GPS (Glaesserella parasuis) genotyping multiplexed PCR, and the small ruminant abortion panel (Toxoplasma gondii, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter fetus, Coxiella burnetii, Chalamydia abortus, and Caprine herpesvirus). Results after including thermastop at varying concentrations in the PCR master mix produced no evidence of assay improvement or substantial change in both real time and gel-based PCR for these assays. However, thermastop has been applied to Sanger sequencing assays and improved results during amplification. In the future, the ISU VDL will develop an oligonucleotide with ThermaGenix as a proprietary product for continued use in PCR assays that have demonstrated improvement in results when included.
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Reece Gardner – Biochemistry
Preventing Aspartimide Formation using a Thioimidate as a Protecting Group
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Project Advisor(s): Brett VanVeller | Advisor(s): Elizabeth Zimmerman
Abstract: Peptide synthesis is an integral component of the modern chemist’s toolbox, with its reach extending from drug design to material science. Despite being a mature synthetic technique, peptide synthesis is still plagued by undesired side products, affecting the yield and purity of the final target compound. More specifically, aspartimide is one of the most common side products encountered in peptide synthesis, being produced following the ring closure of its parent amino acid, aspartate. Most protecting group strategies suffer from tedious transformations that sometimes fail to completely negate the aspartimide byproduct. In this work, we identify the thioimidate - an isostere of the canonical amide bond - as an easy-to-install and potentially robust protecting group to prevent aspartimide formation. Experimentally, the proclivity towards aspartimide formation was investigated in three peptide backbone isosteres: the canonical oxoamide, the thioamide, and the thioimidate. After exposing all motifs to base, the thioimidate was the only isostere that did not suffer from aspartimide formation.
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Benjamin Goodall – Computer Science, Mathematics
Molecular Programming Teaching Tool and Serious Games
Poster not available online
Project Advisor(s): James Lathrop | Advisor(s): Erin Valerio-Garsow, Erin Valerio-Garsow
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Peyton Hamel – English
The Modern Retelling of Frankenstein
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Project Advisor(s): Jacob Dawson | Advisor(s): Christiana Langenberg
Abstract: Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' is one of the first of its kind, pioneering science fiction to the forefront of creative writing by combining questionably moral scientific experimentation with an enticing plot. Shelley presents morality and ethics within the science fiction realm, which has continued to evolve decades after its release. Today, science has developed new moral codes and ethics boundaries that were foreign to Shelley's imagination. A modern retelling of 'Frankenstein' is not only a riveting option, but a necessary one due to the progression of science. This perspective of 'Frankenstein' will question modern science experimentation as well as integrate important modern issues such as bioethics and feminism within science. It will echo important plot points of 'Frankenstein' but will be its own piece of work in order to achieve its goals. The novella consists of two scientists, Dr. Angie Malloy and Dr. Mina Newton, who bring a corpse back to life with accurate scientific methods. Angie and Mina want to chase their science ambitions, but within the bounds of a moral ethical code. They question how far science should go throughout their experiments as well as what sacrifices they are willing to make in order to achieve discovery.
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Jamie Hefley – Biological/Pre Medical Illustration
Illustrations for DNR Water Trail Interpretation Panels
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Project Advisor(s): Kim Moss | Advisor(s): Elizabeth Zimmerman
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Nethmi Hewage – Chemistry
Synthesis of novel silver tetrel pnictide materials for thermoelectric properties
Poster not available online
Project Advisor(s): Kirill Kovnir | Advisor(s): Elizabeth Zimmerman
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Evan Hilton – Computer Science, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology
For a Better Vote: Assessing Alternative Voting Systems
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Project Advisor(s): David Peterson | Advisor(s): Erin Valerio-Garsow, Alison Esser
Abstract: A voting system is an algorithm that takes as input information from voters in the form of ballots and produces as output one or more candidates to be elected. Many voting systems have been used, either historically or in the modern day, and many more have been discovered, designed, or invented. The most common voting system in use in the United States is first-past-the-post. However, most election scientists agree that first-past-the-post is one of the worst voting systems in terms of producing results desired by the electorate. Namely, first-past-the-post is a critical driver in preventing third parties from obtaining representation. The culmination of this project is a video series that serves as an informal literature review and a basic introduction to the most commonly advocated for alternatives to first-past-the-post in the United States. Each video explains the mechanics of how one particular voting system works along with an example, with the final video discussing the comparative advantages and disadvantages of each alternative.
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Daniel Howell – Chemistry
Exploration of Titania-Silica Nanosheets as Catalysts for Plastic Upcycling
Poster not available online
Project Advisor(s): Wenyu Huang | Advisor(s): Elizabeth Zimmerman
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Alex Huynh – Computer Science, Mathematics
Investigating Skin Cancer Diagnosis with Machine Learning: A Comparative Study of Feature Selection and Feature Extraction Techniques
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Project Advisor(s): Man Basnet | Advisor(s): Deborah Holmes, Deborah Holmes
Abstract: Machine learning algorithms have a wide range of applications, including image classification, which utilizes past data to predict future outcomes. This project focuses on the classification of skin cancer images into binary or multi-class categories, where binary classification distinguishes between cancerous and benign images, and multi-class classification categorizes images into one of seven diagnoses. The major difficulty arises from the high dimensionality of skin cancer image as individual pixels may or may not provide useful information. To address this issue, we explore a range of feature selection (resizing, Lasso, Select K best) and feature extraction (PCA, deep learning) techniques commonly used to reduce dimensionality. The reduced images are then evaluated using three popular classification models: LightGBM, XGBoost, and CatBoost. We use a comprehensive dataset, the HAM10000, which includes over 10,000 skin cancer images. Our findings reinforce the literature that deep learning is an effective technique for reducing dimensionality and improving classification performance, outperforming other feature selection and feature extraction methods.
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Abby Keiser – Biology (LAS)
UHP Grant Recipient - Research funded in part by the Iowa State University Foundation
The Effects of Footwear and Barefoot Conditions on Balance Performance in Slacklining
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Project Advisor(s): Jason Gillette | Advisor(s): Lauren Ramos
Abstract: Slacklining is a dynamic balance activity performed on a narrow webbing tensioned between two points with applications in leisure and rehabilitation. Most studies examine if slackline training improves balance in non-task-specific areas (Donath et al., 2013; Fernández-Rio et al., 2019; Giboin et al., 2018). However, few studies examine conditions affecting balance during slacklining. This study investigated balance performance when wearing athletic shoes compared to barefoot during single-leg standing on a slackline. Participants included eleven healthy young adults performing three trials of single-leg standing of up to 30 seconds barefoot and with athletic shoes on a 10 ft free-standing slackline. Balance time and kinematic data from reflective markers on the wrists, shoulders, heels, toes, and sacrum were collected using a 12-camera Qualisys Motion Capture System. There was a significant increase in balance time in the barefoot condition compared to the athletic shoes condition (p=0.020). Additionally, the 50th percentile velocity of the balancing foot on the slackline was significantly lower in the barefoot condition (p=0.045). These results suggest that slacklining while barefoot improves performance by increasing the stability of the balancing foot. Future studies should examine slackline balance while barefoot versus wearing athletic shoes in tasks of greater difficulty such as walking.
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Zoey McEvoy – Linguistics, Mathematics
University Level Spanish Students’ Perception of Stop Consonants In-context and Isolation
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Project Advisor(s): John Levis | Advisor(s): Isabella Perksen, Emily Olson
Abstract: The acquisition of native-like perception is a skill with many obstacles. In a foreign language context, this process may be more difficult due to lack of exposure or urgency. This study investigated how university-level Spanish students perceive stop consonants in different scenarios. Students were tested on their perception of stop consonants in isolation and in-context of an utterance. Scores on the tests revealed that perception in isolation is easier than in context, and that higher level students had better perception on average. The cognitive load of listening and students’ ability to parse utterances seem to have an affect on perception accuracy.
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Delaney Murphy – Curriculum & Instruction, Psychology
Consent on a College Campus: Do People Recognize It?
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Project Advisor(s): Leana Bouffard | Advisor(s): Mason Babcock, Mason Babcock
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the interplay between individual attitudes and experiences in explaining perceptions of consent and withdrawal of consent during sexual encounters. Much research and prevention programming around sexual coercion/aggression has focused on the role of “affirmative consent” but less is known about how well individuals can identify when their partner is withdrawing consent for sexual activity. Failure to recognize/acknowledge lack of consent or withdrawals of consent can contribute to sexual coercion and aggression. Participants completed an anonymous survey addressing their individual attitudes about interpersonal and sexual relationships and responded to a hypothetical scenario depicting a sexual encounter. Results examine different factors that are related to perceptions of consent and ability to recognize consent and withdrawal of consent in a sexual situation. This information may provide important direction in terms of risk-reduction and prevention efforts designed to reduce sexual assault.
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Bekah Muta – Psychology, Criminal Justice
The Adjustment of Older Individuals in Prison
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Project Advisor(s): Dr. Harry Daniel Butler | Advisor(s): Whitney Baker, Whitney Baker
Abstract: In the United States, the median age of individuals confined in prison increased from 30 in 1993 to 36 in 2013. This six-year difference in median age indicates that the prison population is aging. To date, few studies have examined how older individuals adjust to prison. This is particularly important as an older prison population will have unique physiological and psychological needs, such as increased medical attention. As such, our study examines the factors that influence prison rule violations, mental health, and self-improvement programming that each capture the adjustment process. We use the 1997 and 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities that provide a nationally representative sample of incarcerated individuals to answer the research questions. As the United States grapples with an aging prison population, it is important to identify whether pre-prison (e.g., drug use) an in-prison (e.g., work assignments) experiences influence the adjustment process.
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Erika Nelson – Chemistry, Microbiology
Investigation into Morphological Characteristics, Host Range, and Viral Infection Parameters of Erwinia persicina
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Project Advisor(s): Nick Peters | Advisor(s): Benjamin Noack, Nicholas Peters
Abstract: My previous research isolated a novel bacteriophage that kills a soft rot-causing bacteria, Erwinia persicina. This honors project will involve the characterization of this novel virus and its host. This work will explore bacterial genetics, host-pathogen interactions, and potential biocontrol agents. These topics directly apply to the microbiology half of my dual degree.This project builds off previous work in which soft rot bacteria were isolated and characterized. The next step in this project is isolating viruses that kill these bacterial strains and testing them for host range specificity. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop novel bacterial control agents to help remediate agriculturally relevant bacterial infections.
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Eva Newland – Journalism & Mass Communication
The Proposal Process: How Writers Get Their Start
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Project Advisor(s): Denise Williams-Klotz | Advisor(s): Tyler Schoh
Abstract: I created a mock publishing package that showcases a brand-new fantasy romance novel. The honors project is the culmination of an Iowa State Honors Education and should stretch the student beyond what they thought was possible. This creative project encouraged growth and allowed me to take a passion project and make it a reality. I started with research, reading books on the writing and publishing processes. After deciding my book idea best fit within the fantasy romance genre, I did more specific research on that area. Outlining came next, and writing a complete publishing package followed. Finally, I wrote the first three chapters of my novel and received feedback. The project resulted in much more than just the physical publication package. It honed my writing skills, encouraged me to face my fears, and allowed me to create something completely my own. This project expresses everything I’ve learned while at Iowa State: creativity, resilience, and conquering challenges. In the future, I can continue this project, take the skills and information I have learned, and publish.
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Anna Olson – Journalism & Mass Communication, Political Science
Amount of Women’s History Classes Taught in Iowa High Schools
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Project Advisor(s): Alissa Stoehr | Advisor(s): Tyler Schoh, Jason Chrystal
Abstract: In a 2017 report on the status of women, the Smithsonian magazine found that “737 specific historical figures, 559 men and 178 women, or approximately 1 woman for every 3 men - are mentioned in the standards in place as of 2017." Upon my entering ISU in 2019 and participating in Women and Gender Studies courses, I found many students in the classroom echoed the same ideology as the 2017 report, which begged the question "where are all the women in U.S. history?".In pursuit of the answer to this question and to determine the extent of women's history taught in high schools, in 2021, I sent out surveys to Iowa high school teachers and students and compiled data from these results. My survey results reflect teacher and student perspectives on how much women’s history curriculum is taught in Iowa high schools. My research found that only 3.8% of teachers believe their curriculum had a strong focus on women’s history and 64.7% of teachers said there was not a balance between women's and men's historical contributions in the curriculum. Much like the teachers, 80.8% of students suggested there is a stronger focus on men in history classes and 75.7% said their classes focus little on women’s history.My research project continues to explain the importance of this curriculum in K-12 education and gives a cost-effective lesson plan over six school days. With every idea comes anticipated obstacles; my project also recognizes the various legislative barriers to giving a full recount of history and what the future for women's representation in history classes may look like in the state of Iowa.
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Shawna O'Malley – Biology (LAS)
Genotype Me
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Project Advisor(s): Jelena Kraft | Advisor(s): Alison Esser
Abstract: Several companies offer services to analyze your DNA and provide a report of your sequenced genome and possible associated traits based on your specific DNA sequence. Differences in expressed phenotype are often a result of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a genotype; however, the environment and epigenetic factors can also play a role. The objective of my research was to troubleshoot the experimental pipeline for this multi-week module for the Principles of Genetics Laboratory to instruct students in determining their genotype and develop core genetics competencies, such as mechanisms leading to genetic variation and various molecular methods commonly used to analyze DNA structure and function. Students will generate hypotheses about their phenotype concerning studied traits and experiment to see if their genotype matches their perceived phenotype. This module provides hands-on experience with modern molecular techniques used in the field and an opportunity to practice implementing scientific methods. Students will compare their sequences with peer samples to determine the genotype variation at each studied locus. Students will calculate the frequencies of different alleles and determine whether student genotypes are in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. To conclude, students will summarize the experiment and results for each genetic region through a scientific poster.
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Feben Ruscitti – Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Studies
The Effect of Bone Particle Size on the Accuracy of Stable Isotope Analysis in the ISU Paleoecology Lab
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Project Advisor(s): Andrew Sommerville | Advisor(s): Alissa Whitmore, Alissa Whitmore
Abstract: Stable isotope analysis is a valuable tool in the field of Paleoecology; carbon isotope values provide insight into the diet of an organism, while oxygen isotopes reveal the geographic and climatic context in which an organism lived. Bone specimens are powdered, sieved, and chemically treated, then tested with the mass spectrometer. As part of a larger project to reevaluate preparation procedures in the ISU Paleoecology Laboratory, the research presented here seeks to determine what particle size, 177µ, 150µ, 125µ, or 88µ, provides the most reproducible data with the least variability. The lower the variability, the smaller the range in which the potentially true value may fall, suggesting a more accurate means of analysis. Coarser samples, if accurate, would allow for less wastage during powdering, which would allow for the analysis of smaller bone fragments. The data produced by the experiment revealed several vague trends; however, the data was not consistent enough to confidently draw conclusions, and further research and/or a reassessment of the experiment procedures may be necessary.
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Lydia Samuelson – English, Technical Communication
Honey Bee Diversity
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Project Advisor(s): Emma Murray | Advisor(s): C Langenberg, Samantha Robinson-Adams
Abstract: The world of honeybees is complex and diverse, but the majority of the population only encounters the oft-repeated ideas of “save the bees” and pollination. This project aims to create different products of public-facing science communication for increasingly narrow audiences, providing easily-accessible educational content. The project includes three components: a video, a short booklet, and a series of seasonal guides. All three involved gathering information from reputable sources and synthesizing it into concise, engaging content. This is the project’s foundation: writing engineered to convince, befriend, and inform the audience. Different approaches were used for each product. The video employs familiar language, fun graphics, and a light tone to make accurate information accessible and appealing to a non-academic audience. The species guide is a short booklet that uses compartmentalized information, visual motifs, and composition to walk a reader from the broad idea of bees as a species to the specific aspects of different honeybee subspecies. The seasonal guides employ lists, visual organization, and brevity to deliver pertinent details in minimal space. Overall, this project guides users through different levels of bee education, from an informative video to a species guide, all the way to seasonal checklists for the beginning beekeeper.
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Julia Sarcletti – Curriculum & Instruction, Sociology (LAS)
Plea Bargaining and the Right to Trial by Jury
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Project Advisor(s): Susan Laehn | Advisor(s): Terry Kruse
Abstract: It is common in academic research to portray the effects of plea bargaining from the defendant's perspective. The established research in the field portrays how an offender's will to give up their right to trial affects their sentencing, the racial consequences behind plea bargaining, and the risk of an offender pleading guilty when they are innocent. My research aims to invert the traditional examinations of plea bargaining to focus on the effects on potential jurors. I examine the effects of plea bargaining on civic engagement in America, specifically looking at the role of a juror. I analyze how plea bargaining, and the resulting lack of jury trials, impact individual jurors' civic function beyond the courtroom. I argue that the decrease in jury trials, influenced by the elevated rates of plea bargains, decreases a juror's likelihood of partaking in other forms of civic engagement. My theoretical examination of the literature suggests a potential causal connection between the decrease in jury trials followed by the decrease in civic engagement. Further, my analysis of the descriptive statistics on plea bargaining from 2013-2017 in federal trial courts and Minnesota state courts indicates a similar relationship, showing a decline in jury trial rates and, correspondingly, a decline in political engagement.
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Grant Schnoebelen – Economics (LAS), Political Science
Impact of Recessions and Public Spending on the Price of Road Construction
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Project Advisor(s): Peter Orazem | Advisor(s): Darin Wohlgemuth, Jason Chrystal
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Nick Serck – Chemistry
The Synthesis and Study of Planar Chiral Macrocyclic Metacyclophanes
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Project Advisor(s): Junqi Li | Advisor(s): Benjamin Noack
Abstract: In recent years, planar chirality has been a topic of particular synthetic, catalytic, and pharmaceutical interest. One prominent challenge within the realm of planar chiral synthesis is controlling for particular conformations with respect to the molecules’ orientation in space as these different conformations, referred to as syn- and anti-, can interact with biological targets differently. Our group hypothesizes that we can control for the different conformations by changing the structure of the linking chains that join the two arenes. By changing the configuration of the alkenes on the linker chain, E vs. Z, we hypothesize that we can selectively synthesize the syn- and anti- products. We postulate the E alkene should favor the syn-product and the Z alkene should favor the anti-product. To test this, two [5.5]metacyclophane macrocyclization diol precursors that differ only in their alkene configuration will be synthesized and the subsequent macrocycles will be analyzed via X-Ray crystallography to identify their syn-/anti- conformation. After attempting other unsuccessful pathways, the current direction of the project aims to synthesize a vinyl bromide substrate with the desired E/Z configuration and cross couple that with a synthesized bis(bpinmethyl)benzene substrate in a Suzuki reaction to obtain the desired substrates for macrocyclization.
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Matt Shafer – Biology (LAS)
Creating Curriculum to Inspire Young Scientists
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Project Advisor(s): Jeanne Serb, Eric Hall | Advisor(s): Zack Bonner
Abstract: As science proficiency scores fall across the nation, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning demands innovation. The vast majority of impactful STEM curriculum is designed for middle and high school learners. This project addressed the learning gap by developing a meaningful STEM curriculum for elementary students and a workshop to bolster teachers' confidence in STEM education. Based on a thorough educational literature review, I defined six tenets for effective STEM learning: social sensitivity, collaboration, teacher empowerment, central phenomena, process emphasis, and adaptability. My curriculum was adapted from existing high school curriculum with these tenets and Next Generation Science Standards in mind. Research on woodchip bioreactors from the Soupir Laboratory at Iowa State University informed the central phenomenon and surrounding activities. Both the curriculum and workshop were designed as a framework to guide the development of future scientific experiences for educators and curriculum developers alike.
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Ashlan Simpson – Statistics, Mathematics
Two-Stage Approach to Handwriting Analysis in Forensic Evidence
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Project Advisor(s): Danica Ommen | Advisor(s): Emily Olson, Darin Wohlgemuth
Abstract: Trained experts currently perform the handwriting analysis required in the criminal justice field, but this can create biases, delays, and expenses, leaving room for improvement. Prior research has sought to address this by analyzing handwriting through feature-based and score-based likelihood ratios for assessing evidence within a probabilistic framework. However, error rates are not well defined within this framework, making it difficult to evaluate the method and can lead to making a greater-than-expected number of errors when applying the approach. This research explores a method for assessing handwriting within the Two-Stage framework, which allows for the quantification of error rates as recommended by a federal report by PCAST (Forensic Science in Criminal Courts: Ensuring Scientific Validity of Feature comparison Methods). We applied the method using three different distance metrics (Euclidean, Manhattan, and Supremum) and compare their performance using the ROC curve. The Manhattan distance performed the best at this stage, resulting in error rates around 20%. From there, we used random forest to utilize all the distance metrics. Random Forest ultimately preformed the best and decreased error rates to about 12.5%.
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Joslyn Sperry – Anthropology
Religious Analysis of Teotihuacan and the Huichol through Symbolic Art
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Project Advisor(s): Andrew Somerville | Advisor(s): Alissa Whitmore
Abstract: Teotihuacan is an ancient Mesoamerican city located 30 miles northeast of modern-day Mexico City that was active from approximately AD 1-600. Since the city was abandoned many centuries ago, we know very little about the people who lived in Teotihuacan, but there are ways to decode the archaeological evidence. Many indigenous groups still reside in Mexico today, such as the Huichol, who live in central northwest Mexico and have retained many features of their traditional religious beliefs and customs. While the Huichol culture is well-known for its elaborate, vivid yarn paintings that portray religious ideals and stories passed down from their ancestors, the many brightly colored wall paintings and decorated pottery of Teotihuacan are still not fully understood by scholars. This project will survey the symbolic and decorative evidence from the ruins of Teotihuacan and the art and rituals of the modern Huichol to better understand the religious beliefs and customs of the ancient city. To do so, I will explore the symbols used in the art of both groups, examine the composition of the murals and yarn paintings, and discuss how this type of art is used to share religious stories and ideas.
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Alexis Steinhoff – Biology (LAS), Mathematics
Alternative Splicing of A and D Homeolog Genes during Fiber Development in Gossypium Hirsutum
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Project Advisor(s): Jonathan Wendel, Corrinne Grover | Advisor(s): Em Kapler, Emily Olson
Abstract: Allopolyploidy is an evolutionary consequence of two ancestral genomes hybridizing, bringing their genomes together into one nuclear environment. Cotton is a well-studied allotetraploid with known evolutionary origins which offers a foundation for the study of mechanisms involved in polyploid genome evolution. A genomic mechanism of interest, that has been understudied in polyploid species to date, is alternative splicing. Alternative splicing may be acting during cotton fiber development to produce multiple protein isoforms from single genes. Here we investigate the differential isoform usage within and among ancestral genomes the allotetraploid genome of Gossypium hirsutum over the course of fiber development. Fiber was extracted over 20 days in biological triplicate. Isoform density and usage over the course of development will be assessed by mapping daily isoform usage (Illumina RNA-seq) to bulk isoforms (Pac-Bio IsoSeq). Results will be analyzed to determine 1) which genes are alternatively spliced and at which timepoints, 2) whether there are isoform switching events during development, and 3) how isoform usage differs between the two sub-genomes within the allopolyploid. These results will provide additional understanding of genomic mechanisms involved in the evolution of polyploid plants, as well as contribute to the understanding of agronomically important cotton fiber phenotypes.
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Katherine Surur – Anthropology, World Languages & Cultures
The Beliefs of Witchcraft and Religion for Liberian-Americans
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Project Advisor(s): Sebastion Braun | Advisor(s): Patrick Johnson
Abstract: The West African country, Liberia, is a country filled with diverse cultures and beliefs. Christianity and witchcraft, the act of using supernatural powers to harm others, are two very prominent beliefs within Liberian culture. The goal of this project was to interview Liberian Americans in Iowa and to learn about their views on Christianity, witchcraft, and how the two themes influence each other. The information found was compared to work by Robert Nassau, a missionary that spent time in Africa in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Nassau's findings, while helpful, were biased in some areas. This bias was taken into consideration. Nassau's findings showed that many of those that he interacted with believed in a Creator, but this Creator did not play an active role in their lives. This is why they turned to spirits for help and worshipped them instead. Witchcraft was also believed in and practiced. Liberian Americans believe God is their Creator and Father, and He is very involved in their lives. They also believe in spirits, and witchcraft is practiced but is considered a taboo topic. It was found that witchcraft and Christianity are closely connected because of their presence in the Bible.
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Dana Thacker – Data Science, Mathematics
Data Analysis of Nursing Program Research Project
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Project Advisor(s): Heike Hofmann | Advisor(s): Emily Meeks
Abstract: The purpose of this research project was to use data analysis and visualization to address the need for hearing screening of adults in the community setting. The probability of hearing impairment increases with age, yet many adults do not have access to routine hearing screening in their communities. We wanted to investigate whether or not the pure tone audiometry tool (hearScreen Android OS application) could be a solution to the lack of screening. After using this device to collect data on 38 volunteers at Green Hills Retirement Community in Ames, Iowa, we performed analysis using R to determine the significance of the results. What we found is that of the 35 valid participants, 33 of them needed to be referred to an audiologist to further test their hearing. After creating a new variable to test severity using the preexisting data, we did find a correlation that suggests that individuals that reported that they suspected to have hearing loss did have more severe hearing loss than those that did not believe they had hearing loss. The overall results of the study do suggest that hearScreen can be a beneficial hearing screening device in retirement communities.
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Elise Thrap – Geology, Anthropology
Exploitation of Birds by Late Prehistoric Villagers in Central Iowa
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Project Advisor(s): Matthew G. Hill | Advisor(s): Em Kapler, Alissa Whitmore
Abstract: Analysis of bird remains from the Howard Goodhue village illuminates exploitation of waterfowl, raptors, and passerines by late precontact agriculturalists in central Iowa. Most of the material was recovered from closed contexts, specifically garbage pits, while the balance represents material that was primarily discarded on the occupation surface. In all, the sample totals 524 specimens representing 17 different taxa. These have been primarily identified as waterfowl, including mallards, geese, and swans. Other notable taxa that are represented include raven, great-horned owl, and turkey. Waterfowl was used as food and a source of raw material for the manufacture of bone beads and tubes. What purpose the other taxa served is not clear.
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Grace Tracey – Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Studies
The Feminine Perspective of Death: Classical Greece
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Project Advisor(s): Rachel Meyers | Advisor(s): Patrick Johnson
Abstract: This project explores women’s perspectives of death during the Classical period of ancient Greece, (5th- 4th centuries BCE), bringing women’s involvement in funerary practices and understanding of death to the forefront. When studying ancient Greek history, the roles, activities, thoughts, and opinions of women were mostly overlooked until recent decades. Although women could not have official public roles, and they do not usually appear in written histories and documents, female characters are often depicted in Greek plays, making them an important source of literary evidence. Furthermore, both the literary and archaeological evidence indicate women were responsible for preparing the deceased's body and were the primary mourners at Greek funerals. Because these were private ceremonies, objects and artworks associated with funerals are some of the primary avenues to search for women’s perspectives on the process of dying, mourning, and death. Examination of both literary and archaeological evidence shows that Greek women during the classical period saw dying, mourning, and death as a duty - to herself, the law, and her family.
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Hannah Van Sickle – English, Linguistics
Reshaping the Sketch Handbook
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Project Advisor(s): Christina Laangenberg | Advisor(s): Samantha Robinson-Adams, Isabella Perksen
Abstract: This project focused on rewriting, re-formatting, and updating Sketch's handbook to provide a helpful resource for future executive teams and members. Sketch is a student organization that publishes ISU's long-running literary journal, Sketch. Each semester, Sketch solicits submissions, evaluates pieces, and publishes the next issue of the journal, in addition to hosting fundraisers, completing executive trainings, and conducting general meetings. In recent years, as experienced members graduated and other students stepped into their roles, the new executive teams have struggled to fulfill all of their duties because there has been no reliable, written guide for them. Instead of providing assistance, Sketch's student organization handbook had become so outdated that executive teams rarely consulted it. I sought to reverse this trend by updating the handbook to reflect Sketch's 2023 practices. The work, completed over the summer of 2022 and Spring 2023 semester, drew on my experience as a Sketch member and technical writing skills. My tasks included upgrading the document's design, changing its organizational structure, rewriting outdated sections, and inserting additional information through new sections. I hope that my efforts will allow the handbook to serve as a helpful resource in the years to come and inspire others to maintain it.
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Stephanie Warnstadt – History, International Studies
Creating College Student-Oriented Arabic Literature
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Project Advisor(s): Ghinwa Alameen | Advisor(s): Kevin Hill, Patrick Johnson
Abstract: My research project, “Creating College Student-Oriented Arabic Literature,” centered around creating a short story relevant to college students learning Arabic. Arabic is a beautiful language with a massive vocabulary. Reading children’s books is a common strategy for learning a new language, but in addition to the child-oriented content, the words used are often grandiose and aimed at expanding a child’s vocabulary. However, these words have little use to an Arabic language learner, as these words are not frequently used in everyday life. In response to this problem, I wrote a short story with words frequently used in Arabic by reviewing typical Arabic literature and noting commonly used words. The book is about a girl who tries to navigate college life, a relatable topic to college students, and love, a universally popular topic. My presentation encompasses in-depth information about written versus vernacular Arabic and an explanation of the story.
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Kathryn Wittrock – Biochemistry, Microbiology
Animal Nutritionists at Iowa State University
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Project Advisor(s): Donald Beitz | Advisor(s): Elizabeth Zimmerman, Nancy Boury
Abstract: This research project aims to provide biographical information on previous animal nutritionists at Iowa State University. Educational histories, personal backgrounds, and research interests were collected from personal interviews, printed works, or online publications. This project will supply future animal nutritionists with reference material on their predecessors. In addition, it will provide students with a better understanding of the possibilities for careers and research fields within animal nutrition. It may also foster connections and mentorships between students and prior professors. This information will be printed in a book format, to which information about each successive animal nutritionist may be added upon their retirement.
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Nicole Young – English
Lineage: A Horror Collection
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Project Advisor(s): Matthew Sivils | Advisor(s): C Langenberg
Abstract: “Lineage: A Horror Collection” is a prototype printed anthology book of short stories based around my family history. After discovering my genealogy’s inordinate number of unnatural deaths and uniquely tragic events, I turned reality into fiction with paranormal plausibilities. I combined these stories with the elements of the midwestern gothic genre familiarized to me through both my reading of 19th-century female horror writers’ works and my experience growing up on a farm in rural Iowa. Spanning from the gilded age to modern day, "Lineage" unites documented events with metaphor-heavy and symbolic details to depict themes such as generational trauma, grief, familial unity and secrecy, prophecy, and more.
